The King James History bible KJH is copyrighted 1995 by Clayton Conway. All rights reserved. Contents of KJH: Dedication Introduction of five parts: Two charts in part four Five chronological tables in part five: Israel Rome Egypt Assyria Sumerian/Babylonian Books Chapters Life 7 Abraham 23 Joseph 9 Oppression 12 Exodus 14 Wilderness 25 Joshua 24 Kings 21 Samuel 12 Saul 19 David 26 Solomon 10 Kings II 47 Ruth 4 David's Kingdom 29 Kingdom II 25 DEDICATION I dedicate the KJH bible to The Church of Divine Man who's teachings of the gifts of Jesus Christ are manifest and Gail Coupal who gave meaning of such freely given gifts to me so personally. No gift do I treasure more. It touched me deepest and sustains me thru trials unmerciful. I declare to Heaven and earth that these gifts manifest thru a body have made me victorious against all foes. They flee from my face for light shines forth and the truth is manifest that I am a man that has been so Loved. No foe that can not say the same can stand before my face. Introduction to the KJH bible and biblical chronology The KJH is a historical narrative in chronological order to shorten the KJ significantly yet be complete as a history. Genesis is divided into three parts: Life, Abraham, and Joseph. Exodus is divided into three parts: Oppression, Exodus, and Wilderness. Wilderness comprises parts of Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy and is shortened to only the historical narration making the biggest savings in length therein. Significant changes have been made in the history. The cosmological story of creation that was codified two millennia ago into the Aristotelian world view based on the earth as the center of the universe and creation has been updated to recent cosmological understandings, the birth of Ishmael has been placed in its proper place as occurring after the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, and the prophesy of Isaac that Esau would have the dominion is given. There are changes in all the books tho little of any changes occur in Joshua, Kings (Jugdes), Samuel, Saul, David, and Solomon. But in book Kings II there are great changes in chronology. See part two and three for an explanation of these changes. Part one Below is the usual biblical chronology given in the bible with some amendments. The bible uses an artificial construct system based on 40 year generations. The 400 years between Jacob's 130 year of life to when Moses was 80 years old is a case in point as is the 480 years between the exodus out of Egypt and the 4th year of Solomon. These systems are not exact year date systems. They do, however, represent a system of overall exactness from point to point. There are exactly 400 years from Jacob to Moses from the points given, but the 4th year of Solomon is itself an artificial construct derived by giving 40 years as the length for his reign. Most interesting tho is the fact that the dynasty marked by Josehpus as being a Hebrew dynasty that ruled Egypt for about 250 years fits well within that system and the period of time between the exodus to the building of the first Temple is 480 years when the periods of enslavement are counted as concurrent to the reigns of the judges. The separate Samaritan chronicle confirms the passage of the first three centuries after the exodus. Other small differences are that the eight year reign of Abdon was contemporary with Elon and that Abdon died later in the same year as Elon, that Eli reigned but thirty years and that the interregnum between Eli and Samuel's victory was also 30 years and not twenty, and Saul reigned 22 years and not 40. This is confirmed by the fact that Samuel anointed David after which only seven and a half years pasted till David recieved the whole kingdom. Samuel died after Saul had reigned 18 years and Saul's son ruled but 2 years after leaving only five and one half years as possible additional years for Saul's reign. The number 22 is often given for the missing part of the passage which is used to justify a reign length of 40 years (18+22), but the usual formula isn't used as it was important to note when Samuel died to know the correct passage of time. If 22 is the correct number in the passage as the heritage of giving Saul 40 years suggests, then 22 is not additional years after Samuel's death but the total number of years of Saul's reign. Israel chronology BCE 2140 Abraham 100 2040 Isaac 60 1980 Jacob 130 1850 Israel 400 Samaritan chronicle 1450 Moses (80) 1530 Moses 120 1440 Exodus 40 1410 Joshua 28 1382 Interregnum 18 1400 Othniel 40 1364 Cushan 8 1356 Nehtanel 9 1360 Ehud 80 1347 Jehud 18 1329 Gomer 20 1280 Shamgar 1 1309 Parak 30 1279 Jabin 20 1279 Deborah 40 1259 Deborah 23 20 1236 Midianites 7 1239 Gideon 40 1229 Gideon 30 1199 Abimelech 3 1196 Tola 23 1173 Jair 22 1169 Ammonites 18 1151 Jephthath 6 1145 Izban 7 1145 Abhoda 9 1138 Elon 10 1136 Ebhen Lel 28 Abdon (8) 1128 Samson 20 1108 Eli 30 40 1108 Anitel 40 1078 Interregnum 30 20 1068 SMSM 1048 Samuel 25 1023 Saul 22 40 1001 Ishbosheth 2 999 David 33 966 Solomon 38 40 Part two There are four points that are used in bible chronolgy after Solomon: The fifth year of Rehoboam (924 BCE), era of Nabonassar (747 BCE), the first year of Cyrus II (576 BCE), and the year Alexander the Great conquered Persia (330 BCE). Great changes were made in Kings II because of a mix up in chronology that created two Ahaziahs, two Jorams, and two Jezebels (Athaliah). The story became mixed up when two endings of Ahab's death were put together. One gave his death after the battle of Ramothgilead and another that he survived and reigned a significant time after that battle. The chronology in the bible uses the story that he died at the battle. This is wrong and the consequences are that the real charactors became mirrored making two of each. Both Jehoshaphat and Ahab have fictious heirs named Joram. To tie up the ends both Ahaziah and Jezebel had to die and be raised up and die again. This is accomplished by creating a fictious Ahaziah of Israel and Athaliah of Jerusalem. But the greatest fiction in the usual chronology is the demise of Israel in the reign of Hezekiah. The transference of Israel out of history is indeed a fiction for Joahaz came to rule after the sack of Samaria by Sargon II and the eighth year of Joash II son of Joahaz king of Israel was the fourteenth year of Hezekiah (687 BCE). The kingdom of Israel did experience dispersions after the sack of Samaria by Sargon II (710 BCE) in the sixth year after the death of Ahaz, during the reign of Hezekiah where the end of Israel's ten tribes were placed, and in the reign of Hoshea where the last dispersion did occur. Interesting consequences with the rearangements are that the real Joram with a reign of twelve years is given to be an Israel king when he is a king of Jerusalem after the death of Ahaziah king of Judah who was the son of Ahab. Ahaziah son of Ahab married the daughter of Jehoshaphat and because all of Jehoshaphat's sons were killed in the wars that Jehoshaphat fought, Ahaziah became king of Jerusalem. Joash son of Jehu took over Jerusalem in the fourteenth year of Amaziah directly after which Amaziah was killed having reigned only fourteen years. Clearly, the usual bible chronology simply will not fit by the numbers. Jehu kills the king of Israel and Ahaziah, but the death of the kings of Israel and Jerusalem do not coincide in the chronology. Kings of Jerusalem when counted out give Uzziah's death in the sixth year after the death of Ahaz (710), a clear impossibility and a sure artificial construct to reach the date of Samaria's fall by Sargon II. Once Joash son of Joahaz is placed in his proper century there is no Joash of Israel to beat Amaziah. Switching Joram with his twelve years and Joash with his 40 (generation) puts the story into concert with the known history. Taking the doubles out places the end of Joash at 776 BCE and the end of Uzziah at 741 BCE which are correct dates. In order to reconcile the death of Ahaziah king of Jerusalem in 834 BCE after an eight year reign to the beginning of Jehu's reign the whole structure of Israel kings is shifted from the death of Solomon to the fifth year of Rehoboam and the 40 year reign of Joash is shorten to 36 which is acceptable with the rules governing what the length a generation could represent. When the reign lengths of Ahab and Jehu are switched, the chronology is reconciled to the proper placements. Part three The points from Jotham to the first of Cyrus II are exact, but many of the reign lengths are not. The system used does not give Hezekiah the period of time before he came to his majority rather it adds that period to Manasseh's reign after doubling his own twenty year reign to 40 giving a total of 55 years. By adding a fictious king Amon, the name of an Egyptian god, increases the length 2 years for a total of 22 additional years that bridges the points from the destruction of Jerusalem to the first of Cyrus II. The death of Josiah marks the date of the fall of Assyria and the next two kings of Jerusalem count time from that point. Afterwards the next two kings of Jerusalem count time from the point of Jerusalem's take over by Nebuchadrezzar II (9th year). Nabopolassar ruled for 29 years, but after his victory over Assyria began numbering his years anew. Nabopolassar died in his 22nd year after the fall of Assyria just after the fall of Jerusalem in Nebuchadrezzar II ninteenth year. Nebuchadrezzar II ruled 49 years and when he died his son let Jehoichin out of prison which his father had placed him in 37 years before. Nebuchadrezzar's son ruled 2 years and lost the kingdom to Cyrus II after Cyrus II had ruled ten years. It is at this point that Ptolemy starts his chronology of Persia and with the mistake of only giving Xerxes 21 years instead of the true 28 makes Ptolemy's count shorter by 17 years than Josephus who gives Persia 246 years from the first of Cyrus II to the conquest of Alexander III. Usual bible chronology 928 Rehoboam 17 928 Jehoboam 22 911 Abia 3 906 Nadab 2 908 Asa 41 904 Baasha 24 867 Jehoshaphat 25 880 Elah 2 842 Joram 8 878 Omri 12 834 Ahaziah 1 866 Ahab 22 833 Athaliah 2 844 Ahaziah 2 831 Joash 40 842 Joram 12 791 Amaziah 29 830 Jehu 28 762 Uzziah 52 802 Joahaz 17 785 Joash 16 747 Jotham 16 769 Jeroboam II 41 731 Ahaz 16 728 Zachariah + Shallum 715 Hezekiah 29 Menahem 10 686 Manasseh 55 718 Pekahiah 2 631 Amon 2 716 Pekah 20 629 Josiah 31 696 Hoshea 9 598 Jehoahaz 3 M 10 d 687 Ten tribes dispersed Jehoiakim 11 587 Jehoiachin 3 months Zedechiah 11 576 First of Cyrus II 246 330 Alexander the Great KJH chronology 928 Rehoboam 17 924 Jeroboam 22 911 Abia 3 902 Nadab 2 908 Asa 41 900 Baasha 24 867 Jehoshaphat 25 876 Elah 2 874 Omri 12 842 Ahaziah 8 862 Ahab 28 834 Joram 12 834 Jehu 22 822 Amaziah 14 29 812 Joash 36 40 808 Joash 32 776 Uzziah 35 52 776 Azariah 29 747 Jotham 16 747 Pekah 33 731 Ahaz 16 714 Menahem 3 715 711 Joahaz 17 700 Hezekiah 29 694 Joash II 16 671 Manasseh 20 55+2 678 Jeroboam II 41 651 Josiah 31 637 Zachariah + Shallum 620 Jehoahaz 3 Menahem II 10 617 Jehoiakim 8 11 627 Pekahiah 2 609 Jehoiachin 4 625 Pekah II 20 605 Zedechiah 7 11 605 Hoshea 9 598 Sack of Jerusalem 596 Sack of Samaria Part four: Astronomical proofs of dates Order and the Solar System: Titan and Vulcan Immanuel Velikovsky's book "Worlds in Collision" states that major cosmic catastrophes occurred on the Earth in 1440, 776, 747, and 687 BCE. If these dates of encounters are used to calculate a periodic orbit, it averages six times around the Sun every 181 Earth years (see chart 1). Also stated in "Worlds in Collision" is that in the 747 BCE event there were two bodies close to the Earth besides the Moon. The synchronism of the 747 BCE event, the Lisbon and Boston earthquakes of 1755 CE, and the legends of the star of David and the star of Bethlehem calculates an orbit for the second lesser body to be 32 times around the Sun every 1001 Earth years (see chart 2). ******************************************************************* Chart 1 Periodic orbit of Titan encounters with the Earth * Important dates ** Dates when the length of year changed BCE CE 3854 *2044 **234 *1577 3823 5/6 2013 5/6 203 5/6 1607 1/6 3793 2/3 1983 2/3 173 2/3 1637 1/3 **3763.5 1953.5 143.5 3733 1/3 1923 1/3 113 1/3 {1655} 3703 1/6 1893 1/6 83 1/6 3673 *1863 53 3642 5/6 1832 5/6 *22 5/6 3612 2/3 1802 2/3 8 1/3 CE 3582.5 1772.5 *38.5 3552 1/3 1742 1/3 *68 2/3 3522 1/6 1712 1/6 98 5/6 3492 1682 129 3461 5/6 1651 5/6 159 1/6 3431 2/3 1621 2/3 189 1/3 3401.5 1591.5 219.5 3371 1/3 1561 1/3 249 2/3 3341 1/6 *1531 1/6 279 5/6 3311 1501 310 3280 5/6 1470 5/6 340 1/6 3250 2/3 **1440 2/3 370 1/3 3220.5 *1410.5 400.5 3190 1/3 1380 1/3 430 2/3 3160 1/6 1350 1/6 460 5/6 3130 1320 491 3099 5/6 1289 5/6 521 1/6 3069 2/3 *1259 2/3 *551 1/3 3039.5 1229.5 581.5 3009 1/3 1199 1/3 611 2/3 2979 1/6 *1169 1/6 641 5/6 2949 1139 672 2918 5/6 *1108 5/6 702 1/6 2888 2/3 1078 2/3 732 1/3 2858.5 1048.5 762.5 2828 1/3 *1018 1/3 792 2/3 2798 1/6 988 1/6 822 5/6 2768 958 853 2737 5/6 927 5/6 883 1/6 2707 2/3 *897 2/3 913 1/3 2677.5 *867.5 943.5 2647 1/3 *837 1/3 973 2/3 2617 1/6 *807 1/6 1003 5/6 2587 *777 1034 2556 5/6 *746 5/6 *1064 1/6 2526 2/3 *716 2/3 1094 1/3 2496.5 **686.5 1124.5 2466 1/3 *656 1/3 1154 2/3 2436 1/6 *626 1/6 1184 5/6 2406 *596 1215 2375 5/6 *565 5/6 1245 1/6 2345 2/3 535 2/3 1275 1/3 2315.5 *505.5 1305.5 2285 1/3 475 1/3 1335 2/3 **2255 1/6 445 1/6 1365 5/6 2225 415 1396 2194 5/6 384 5/6 1426 1/6 2164 2/3 *354 2/3 1456 1/3 2134.5 *324.5 *1486.5 2104 1/3 294 1/3 1516 2/3 2074 1/6 264 1/6 1546 5/6 ******************************************************************* Chart 2 Peroidic orbit of Vulcan encounters with the Earth * Important dates BCE BCE CE 4001 1999 *4 3969.71875 1967.71875 35.28125 3938.43750 1936.43750 66.56250 3907.15625 1905.15625 97.84375 3875.87500 1873.87500 129.12500 3844.59375 1842.59375 160.40625 3813.31250 1811.31250 191.68750 3782.03125 1780.03125 222.96875 3750.75 1748.75 254.25 3719.46875 1717.46875 285.53125 3688.18750 1686.18750 *316.81250 3656.90625 1654.90625 348.09375 3625.62500 1623.62500 *379.37500 3594.34375 1592.34375 *410.65625 3563.06250 1561.06250 441.93750 3531.78125 1529.78125 473.21875 3500.5 1498.5 504.5 3469.21875 1467.21875 *535.78125 3437.93750 1435.93750 567.06250 3406.65625 1404.65625 598.34375 3375.37500 1373.37500 629.62500 3344.09375 1342.09375 660.90625 3312.81250 1310.81250 692.18750 3281.53125 *1279.53125 723.46875 3250.25 1248.25 754.75 3218.96875 1216.96875 786.03125 3187.68750 1185.68750 817.31250 3156.40625 1154.40625 848.59375 3125.12500 1123.12500 879.87500 3093.84375 1091.84375 911.15625 3062.56250 1060.56250 942.43750 3031.28125 1029.28125 973.71875 3000 *998 1005 2968.71875 *966.71875 1036.28125 2937.43750 935.43750 *1067.56250 2906.15625 904.15625 1098.84375 2874.87500 872.87500 1130.12500 2843.59625 841.59625 1161.40625 2812.31250 810.31250 1192.68750 2781.03125 779.03125 1223.96875 2749.75 *747.75 1255.25 2718.46875 716.46875 1286.53125 2687.18750 685.18750 1317.81250 2655.90625 653.90625 1349.09375 2624.62500 *622.62500 1380.37500 2593.34375 591.34375 1411.65625 2562.06250 560.06250 1442.93750 2530.78125 528.78125 1474.21875 2499.5 *497.5 1505.5 2468.21875 466.21875 1536.78125 2436.93750 434.93750 1568.06250 2405.65625 403.65625 1599.34375 2374.37500 372.47500 1630.62500 2343.09375 341.09375 1661.90625 2311.81250 309.81250 *1693.18750 2280.53125 278.53125 1724.46875 2249.25 247.25 *1755.75 2217.96875 215.96875 1787.03125 2186.68750 184.68750 *1818.31250 *2155.40625 153.40625 1849.59375 2124.12500 122.12500 1880.87500 2092.84375 90.84375 1912.15625 2061.56250 59.56250 1943.43750 2030.28125 28.28125 1974.71875 1999 4 CE 2006 ******************************************************************** All that is known for sure about Titan is when it was discovered in orbit around Saturn (1655). When Galileo was observing Saturn (1610) specifically to find satellites, he failed to find Titan. While a negative observation does not prove that Titan was not in orbit around Saturn at that time, Christopher Scheiner observed a passing body during his observations of Jupiter's satellites in 1612 [1]. Retro calculations may prove these observations to be the first and only telescopic observations of Titan as a free body in the solar system. Important historical dates that coincide with chart 1 are the exodus (1440 BCE), the first Olympiad (776 BCE), the age of Nabonassar (747 BCE), the Mongols first invasion of Japan that mysteriously failed (1274), and the comet of 1577 which was measured to be a quarter of the Earth's diameter by Tycho [2]. Vulcan encounters with the Earth after Titan was known to be in orbit around Saturn are June 7, 1692 (1693.18750) Port Royal was destroyed, Nov. 1 and 18 in 1755 (1755.75) the Lisbon and Boston earthquakes, Nov. 8-10, 1819 (1818.31250) unusual weather and electrical discharges over a great part of the North American continent centered in Montreal known as the "Phenomena of 1819" [3], Sept. 28, 1942 (1942.43750) the Yellow river overflowed and Russia experienced unusual sever winter creating climatic conditions that caused the famine of 43 that killed millions in China and India, and August --, 1973 (1974.71875) a brightly lit object seen near the Moon during the day [4]. There is a lot of evidence in history of the close encounters of Titan and Vulcan, but the lack of exact chronology makes the task difficult. Historians consider that from Alexander the Great to the present safe ground chronologically speaking, but even here there are problems. Alexander ruled for over twelve years beginning in 336 BCE, but the date of Alexander's year of death is given as 323 BCE because of a star appearance that occurred just after his death that is interperted as an eclipse [5]. Retro calculations place no eclipse in 324 BCE but one on May 23, 323 BCE. The year 324 BCE is a Titan encounter year. Philip the Arab ruled Rome during the time that the secular games of the millennium of Rome's founding was celebrated. The games celebration was delayed until Philip could get back from his eastern campaign and travel back to Rome. Gibbon places no campaigns between Philip's accent and the celebration of the millennium games so the first year of Philip is the thousandth of Rome's founding [6]. Rome was founded in 753 BCE (Varro) and this date was used by the Romans as authoritive so the first year of Philip would be 248 CE or 4 years closer to our day than the present usage of 244. It should be noted that the year of Augustus' death has been placed on other dates in the past with the last one on 17 instead of its present placement of 14. The cross in heaven that Constantine the Great saw occurred in 312 present usage. The year 316 CE is a Vulcan encounter year. The comet of Constantine's death occurred in 336 present usage. The year 340 CE is a Titan encounter year. In the second year of Valens there occurred unusual earthquakes [7] (365 present usage). The year 370 CE is a Titan encounter year from the chart. Legend states that when Rome fell in its 1164th year (410) an eclipse of the Sun occurred. Retro calculations for eclipses does not give any during this time, but 410 CE is a Vulcan encounter year. Moving Roman chronology forward also shifts Byzantine chronology. The Justinian plagues in the sixth century depopulated the Roman empire. The loss of manpower made recovering the empire's status in the west impossible. The first plague began with the appearance of a comet in Justin's 5th year or 531 present usage [8]. The year 535 CE is a Vulcan encounter year which agrees with the tree ring date for the beginning of the dust-veil event [9]. Irish chronicles date a great plague in 543 that depopulated the whole Earth by one third, another mortality in 664, and an animal mortality in 684 [10]. The two people plagues are 121 years apart and the year distance of time between the second plague and the animal mortality is in agreement with the encounter charts of that period. Titan and Vulcan interacted with the Earth and other planets and affected the orbits of all bodies concerned. The oldest source of a calendar reform is from Jewish sources that a reform occurred in 3762 BCE. What exactly that reform was is not known, but it is evident that the seven day week was in effect. The most ancient and reliable calendar information that exists are statements that years used to consist of 360 days after the exodus and that before the exodus years consisted of 354 and 355 days [11]. At the time of Hezekiah, who was a contemporary of Numa the reformer of Rome's calendar, years began to have 365 days [12]. Thales the Milesian (7th century BCE) was the first to calculate a year of 365 days [13]. Not until the ninth year of Ptolemy III was an extra day added every fourth year in the Decree of Canopus (230 BCE) [14]. Past calendar reforms represent actual displacements of Earth's orbit and retro calculations must be adjusted. Years of 365 and a quarter day begin in 234 BCE in a Titan encounter year. Years of 365 days precede beginning from March 23, 687 BCE [15]. Before that years of 360 days beginning from the 14 of Nisan 1440 BCE. Years of 354 days and some fraction preceded beginning near the end of Naram-Sin's reign (2255 BCE a Titan encounter year). The calendar reform of 3762 BCE can only be guessed at, but the seven day week was a practical element in a year that was less than 354 days. A year of 350 days is most likely for the adoption of a seven day week and 3763 BCE is a Titan encounter year by the chart. Charts 1 and 2 are still true for years before 234 BCE because tho years are not of the same length, the reciprocal nature of such interactions has kept the ratio of periods the same for all bodies concerned. The Niveveh tablets have three different paths for the past movements of the firment that may be useful in reconstructing past orbits of the Earth [16]. References 1 Ashbrook, Joseph, Sky and Telescope, 42:344-345. 1971. 2 The Comet of 1577: Its place in the history of astronomony, Hellman, Clarisse Doris Ph.D., Columbia University Press, 1944, page 131. 3 Anonymous; Scientific American, 44:329, 1881. 4 newspaper 1973 5 The Greek Alexander Romance, translated by Richard Stoneman, Penguin Books, 1991, Book three, chapter 33, page 157. 6 The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Edward Gibbon, London, 1896, chapter XLIII comet. 7 Ibid., chapter XXVI. 8 Ibid., chapter VII Usurpation and Secular Games of Philip. 9 Baillie, M.G.L., "Dendrochronology raises questions about the nature of the AD 536 dust-veil event.", The Holocene, 4, 2(1994), pp. 212-217. 10 Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland by the Four Masters translated by John O'Donovan, LL.D., M.R.I.A. Barrister at Law, 2nd edition V. 1, Dublin 1856 page 183, 275, and 291. 11 A. Jeremias, Das Alter der babyloniskhen Astronomie (2nd ed., 1909, page 58 ff. 12 Plutarch, Lives, "The Life of Numa" (translation B. Perrin). 13 Diogenes Laertius, Lives of Eminent Philosophers (English translation R.D. Hicks, 1925). 14 S. Sharpe, The Decree of Canopus (1870). 15 Edouard Biot, Catalogue general des etoiles filantes et des autres meterores observes en Chine apres le VII siecle avant J.C., Paris, 1846. 16 Kugler, Die babylonische Mondrechnung: Zwei Systeme der Chaldaer uber den Laug des Mondes und der Sonne. * Immanuel Velikovsky, Worlds in Collision, 1950, New York. Part five Israel chronology BCE 2140 Abraham 100 2040 Isaac 60 1980 Jacob 130 1850 Israel 400 Samaritan chronicle 1450 Moses (80) 1530 Moses 120 1440 Exodus 40 1410 Joshua 28 1382 Interregnum 18 1400 Othniel 40 1364 Cushan 8 1356 Nehtanel 9 1360 Ehud 80 1347 Jehud 18 1329 Gomer 20 1280 Shamgar 1 1309 Parak 30 1279 Jabin 20 1279 Deborah 40 1259 Deborah 23 20 1236 Midianites 7 1239 Gideon 40 1229 Gideon 30 1199 Abimelech 3 1196 Tola 23 1173 Jair 22 1169 Ammonites 18 1151 Jephthath 6 1145 Izban 7 1145 Abhoda 9 1138 Elon 10 1136 Ebhen Lel 28 1128 Samson 20 1108 Eli 30 1108 Anitel 40 1078 Interregnum 30 1068 SMSM 1048 Samuel 25 1023 Saul 22 1001 Ishbosheth 2 999 David 33 966 Solomon 38 928 Rehoboam 17 924 Jeroboam 22 911 Abia 3 902 Nadab 2 908 Asa 41 900 Baasha 24 867 Jehoshaphat 25 876 Elah 2 874 Omri 12 842 Ahaziah 8 862 Ahab 28 834 Joram 12 834 Jehu 22 822 Amaziah 14 29 812 Joash 36 40 808 Joash 32 776 Uzziah 35 52 776 Azariah 29 747 Jotham 16 747 Pekah 33 731 Ahaz 16 714 Menahem 3 715 711 Joahaz 17 700 Hezekiah 29 694 Joash II 16 671 Manasseh 20 678 Jeroboam II 41 651 Josiah 31 637 Zachariah + Shallum 620 Jehoahaz 3 Menahem II 10 617 Jehoiakim 8 627 Pekahiah 2 609 Jehoiachin 4 625 Pekah II 20 605 Zedechiah 7 605 Hoshea 9 598 Sack of Jerusalem 596 Sack of Samaria 162 Mattahias 1 161 Interregnum 7 154 Judas 3 151 Jonathan 14 137 Simon 11 126 Hyrcanus 31 95 Aristobulus 1 94 Alexander 28 69 Alexandra 9 60 Aristobulus II 3 57 Hyrcanus II 24 33 Antigonus 3 30 Herod 37 Joseph at 17 1863 BCE Moses' birth 1530 BCE Exodus 1440 BCE Joshua 1410 BCE Jabin begins 1279 BCE Jabin ends 1259 BCE Gideon ends 1199 BCE Ammonites begin 1169 BCE Samson ends 1108 BCE Samuel begins 1048 BCE Saul after 5 1018 BCE David begins 999 BCE David ends 966 BCE Solomon ends 928 BCE Asa after 10 898 BCE Omri middle 868 BCE Ahaziah middle 838 BCE Amaziah 14th 808 BCE Joash end 776 BCE Jotham began 747 BCE Ahaz end 715 BCE Hezekiah 14th 687 BCE Joash II 8th 687 BCE Samaria sacked 596 BCE Herod 7th 23 BCE Rome chronology 816 BCE Carthage founded 808 BCE Hercules sacks Troy - Paris leaves - Jason takes Amazon princess 776 BCE twins born in Rome - First Olympiad - during sack of Thebes in Egypt Jason takes Hellen 757 BCE Trojan war begins 747 BCE Rome founded - Troy falls 753 Romulus 38 715 Interregnum 1 714 Numa 47 667 Tullus 41 626 Ancus 25 601 Tarquinius 37 564 Servius 39 525 Tarquinius II 21 504 Republic founded 354 Rome sacked (400th) 143 Carthage sacked 58 First Triumvirate 23 Battle of Actium Common Era Augustus 56 20 Tiberius 23 43 Caligula 4 47 Claudius 12 59 Nero 14 73 Year of three 1 74 Vespasian 9 83 Titus 2 85 Domitian 15 100 Nerva 2 102 Trajan 19 121 Hadrian 21 142 Antoninus 23 165 Marcus 19 165 Lucius 8 180 Commodus 17 197 Pertinax 197 Didius 197 Septimius 18 202 Caracalla 19 213 Geta 3 222 Elagabalus 4 226 Alexander 13 239 Maximin 3 242 Gordian I,II,III 6 248 Philip 5 253 Decius 2 255 Gallus 2 257 Valerian 7 257 Gallienus 15 272 Claudius II 1 273 Quintillus 274 Aurelian 5 279 Tacitus 280 Probus 6 286 Carus 1 287 Carinus 2 289 Numerian 288 Diocletian 21 289 Maximian 20 309 Constantius 1 309 Galerius 6 310 Severus 1 315 Maximius 2 310 Maxentius 6 317 Licinius 11 310 Constantine 31 341 Constantius II 24 365 Julian 2 367 Jovian 1 368 Valentianian 11 368 Valens 15 379 Gratian 8 383 Theodosius 16 379 Valentianian II 17 399 Honorius 29 399 Arcadius 13 428 Valentianian III 29 412 Theodosius II 42 457 Maximus 454 Marcianus 7 457 Avitus 1 461 Leo + Leo II 17 458 Majorianus 5 478 Zeno 17 463 Severus 4 495 Anastasius 27 467 Anthemius 5 522 Justin 9 472 Olybrius 472 Nepos 2 Constantinople sacked in 474 Romulus II 1 1457 CE 475 Odocer 16 491 Thodericus 33 520 Rome's western armies defeated by Arthur Egyptian chronology BCE The Kings Middel Kingdom New Kingdom 3396 Menes 61 2044 Mentuhotpe II 51 1018 Amosis 25 3335 Athothes 59 1993 Mentuhotpe III 12 993 Tuthmosis 13 3276 Athothes II 32 1981 Mentuhotpe IV 7 980 Amenophis 20 3244 Miabaes 19 960 Tuthmosis II 12 3225 Pemphos 18 1979 Ammenemes 20 959 Q Hatshepsut 21 3207 Momcheiri 79 1959 Sesostris 42 948 Tuthmosis III 42 3128 Stoichos 6 1917 Ammenemes II 32 906 Amenophis II 24 3122 Gosormies 30 1885 Sesostris II 19 882 Tuthmosis IV 33 3092 Mares 26 1866 Sesostris III 36 849 Amenophis IV 37 3066 Anoyphis 20 1830 Ammenemes III 44 812 Akhenaten 22 1786 Ammenemes IV 9 790 Smenkhkare 1 3046 Narmer 55 1777 Q Sobkneferu 3 789 Tutankhamun 9 Iti 780 Ay 4 2991 Itef 47 1774 Saites 19 2944 Interregnum 1 1755 Bnon 44 776 Ammenemes VII 20 2943 Iterty 33 1711 Pachnan 61 756 Ammenemes VIII 5 Khasty 1650 Staan 50 751 Thuoris 7 2910 Merpebia 57 1600 Khamudy 9 744 Q Tuosret 2 2853 Irynetjer 8 1591 Khyan 20 742 Rampses 16 2845 Qaa 25 1571 Apopi 41 726 Ramesses 10 2820 Hetep 73 1530 Interregnum 1 716 Sabacon 14 Nubneter 1529 Piankhi 26 704 Sebeco 12 2747 Nynetjer 44 1503 Shabaka 12 692 Taracus 20 2703 Weneg 19 1491 Shabataka 8 2684 Sened 14 1483 Taharka 26 672 Seti 54 2670 Peribsen 15 1457 Tanutamon 7 624 Ramesses II 33 2655 Neferkasokar 8 591 Seti II 6 2647 Khasekhem 20 1450 Thoum 10 2627 Khasekhemuy 27 585 Apries 19 1440 Smendes 26 2600 Nebka 1 1414 Amenemnisu 4 566 Amasis 24 2599 Djoser 19 1410 Psusennes 41 542 Seti III 2580 Teti 6 1369 Amenemope 9 2574 Huni 24 1360 Osokhor 6 Cambyes II 4 1354 Siamun 19 538 Darius 36 2550 Sneferu 24 1335 Psusennes II 35 502 Xerxes 28 2526 Cheops 23 474 Artaxerxes 41 2503 Redjedef 8 1300 Sheshonk 21 433 Xerxes II 2495 Chephren 25 1279 Osorkon 36 Darius II 19 Baufre 1243 Takeloti 23 2470 Mycerinus 27 1220 Osorkon II 23 414 Amyrteos 6 2443 Shepseskaf 6 1197 Sheshonk II Takeloti II 14 408 Nepherites 5 2437 Userkaf 11 1183 Sheshonk III 51 403 Mouthis 2 2426 Sahure 15 1132 Pimai 5 401 Psamut 1 2411 Neferirkare 15 1127 Sheshonk IV 37 400 Hakoris 12 2396 Shepseskare 7 388 Nepherites II 2389 Neferefre 10 1090 Pedubast 25 2379 Nyuserre 36 1065 Sheshonk V 10 392 Ramesses III 31 2343 Menkauhor 8 1055 Osorkon III 8 361 Ramesses IV 2 2335 Djedkare 28 1047 Takeloti III 10 359 Ramesses VI 19 2307 Unas 30 1037 Amenrud 31 1006 Osorkon IV 19 340 Artaxerxes III 2 2277 Teti 14 338 Arses 2 Userkare 1440 Sobkhotpe +5 318 336 Darius III 4 2263 Pepi 40 Senbuef +3 2223 Merenre 15 Ammenemes V 1 332 Alexander III 8 2208 Pepi II 90 Sankhibre 324 Philip III 7 2118 Merenre II 1 Hetepibre 317 Alexander IV 11 2117 Q Nitocris 12 Sobkhotpe II Renseneb Ptolemy 40 Mentuhotpe 16 Hor 277 Ptolemy II 39 Inyotef Ammenemes VI 238 Ptolemy III 24 2101 Inyotef II 49 Ugaf 2 214 Ptolemy IV 17 2052 Inyotef III 8 Sesostris IV 197 Ptolemy V 25 Khendjer +4 172 Ptolemy VI 35 Semenkhkare +3 137 Ptolemy VII Sobkemsaf 7 Ptolemy VIII 29 Sobkhotpe III 3 108 Ptolemy IX 8 Neferhotep 11 100 Ptolemy X 19 Sobkhotpe IV +8 81 Ptolemy IX 8 Sobkhotpe V 73 Ptolemy XI Neferhotep II Ptolemy XII 29 Sobkhotpe VI 4 44 Cleopatra VII 21 Neferhotep III 23 Rome Yayebi 10 Iy 23 Ini 2 720 Bocchoris 6 Dudimose 714 Ammeris 18 Dudimose II 696 Stephinates 7 Senebmiu 689 Sethos 6 Mentuhotpe V Mentuemsaf 704 Haremhab 31 Senaayeb Nehsy 687 Twelve kings 15 1169 Rehotpe 151 Inyotef V 3 Inyotef VI Sobkemsaf II 16 Thuty 1 Mentuhotpe VI 1 Nebiryerawet 6 Nebiryerawet II Semenmedjat()re Seuserenre 12 Shedwast Inyotef VII +3 Senakhtenre Tao the Elder Tao the Brave Kamose +3 Middle Kingdom 2044 Foreign Kings 1530 Shepherd Kings 1440 Sheshonk III 15th 1169 Rehotpe began 1169 New Kingdom 1018 18th dynasty ends 776 Amasis began 566 Alexander III ends 324 Assyrian chronology BCE Tudija 1530 Samsi-Adad II 6 Adamu 1524 Isme-Dagan II 16 Jangi 1508 Samsi-Adad III 16 KITlamu 1492 Assur-nirari 26 Harharu 1466 Puzur-Assur III 24 Mandaru 1442 Enlil-nasir 13 Imsu 1429 Nur-ili 12 HARsu 1417 Assur-saduni 1/12 Didanu Assur-rabi Hanu Assur-nadin-ahhe Zuabu Enlil-nasir II 6 Nuabu 1411 Assur-nirari II 7 Abazu 1404 Assur-bel-nisesu 9 Belu 1395 Assur-rim-nisesu 8 Azarah 1387 Assur-nadin-ahhe II 10 Uspia 1377 Eriba-Adad 27 Apisal 1350 Assur-uballit 36 Hale 1314 Enlil-nirari 10 Samanu 1304 Arik-den-ili 12 Hajanu 1292 Adad-nirari 33 Ilu-Mer 1259 Shalmaneser 30 Jakmesi 1229 Tukulti-Ninurta 37 Jakmeni 1192 Assur-nadin-apli 4 Jazkur-ilu 1188 Assur-nirari III 6 Ila-kabkabi 1182 Enlil-kudurri-usur 5 Aminu 1177 Ninurta-apil-Ekur 13 Sulili 1164 Assur-dan 46 Kikkia 1118 Ninurta-tukulti-Assur Akia Mutakkil-Nusku Puzur-Assur Assur-res-isi 18 Salim-ahum 1100 Tiglath-Pileser 39 Ilusuma 1061 Asarid-apil-Ekur 2 Erisum 1059 Assur-bel-kala 18 Ikunum 1041 Eriba-Adad II 2 Sargon 1039 Samsi-Adad IV 4 Puzur-Assur II 1035 Assurnasirpal 19 Naram-Sin 1016 Shalmaneser II 12 Erisum II 1004 Assur-nirari IV 6 Samsi-Adad 33 998 Assur-rabi II 41 Isme-Dagan 40 957 Assur-res-isi II 5 Mut-Askur 952 Tiglath-Pileser II 33 Rimu-x 919 Assur-dan II 23 Asinum 896 Adad-nirari II 21 Puzur-Sin 875 Tukulti-Ninurta II 7 Assur-dugul 6 868 Assurnasirpal II 25 Assur-apal-idi 843 Shalmaneser III 35 Nasir-Sin 808 Samsi-Adad V 13 Sin-namir 795 Adad-nirari III 29 Ipqi-Istar 766 Shalmaneser IV 10 Adad-salulu 756 Assur-dan III 18 Adasi 738 Assur-nirari V 9 1645 Belu-bani 10 729 Tiglath-Pileser III 18 1635 Libaja 17 711 Sennacherib 24 1618 Sarma-Adad 12 687 Esarhaddon 12 1606 Iptar-Sin 12 675 Assurbanipal 42 1594 Bazaja 28 633 Assur-etel-ilani 5 1566 Lullaja 6 Sin-sumu-ilsir 1560 Kidin-Ninua 14 628 Sin-sar-iskun 6 1546 Sarma-Adad II 3 622 Assur-uballit II 2 1543 Erisum III 13 620 Fall of Assyria Assur-uballit began 1350 BCE Shalmaneser began 1259 BCE Tukulti-Ninurta began 1229 BCE Assurnasirpal II began 868 BCE Shalmaneser III end 808 BCE Assur-dan III 9th 747 BCE Sennacherib end 687 BCE Assur-uballit II began 622 BCE Sumerian/Babylonian chronology BCE 3396 Gaur 1200 20 2044 Deserted 7 3376 Gull-Nidaba-annapad 960 16 2037 Ishbi-Erra 33 3360 Palakinatim 900 15 2004 Shu-ilishu 10 3345 Nangishlishma 1994 Iddin-Dagan 21 Bahina 1973 Ishme-Dagan 19 Buanum 840 14 1954 Lipit-Ishtar 11 3331 Kalibum 960 16 1943 Ur-Ninurta 28 3315 Galumum 840 14 1915 Bur-Sin 22 3301 Zukakip 900 15 1893 Lipit-Enlil 5 3286 Atab 600 10 1888 Erra-imitti 8 3276 Mashda 840 14 1880 Enlil-bani 24 3262 Arurim 720 12 1856 Zambia 3 3250 Etana 1560 26 1853 Iter-pisha 3 3224 Balih 400 7 1850 Ur-Dukuga 3 3217 Enmenunna 660 11 1847 Sin-magir 11 3206 Melam-Kish 900 15 1836 Damiq-ilisu 23 3191 Barsalnunna 1200 20 3171 Meszamug 140 2 1813 Naplanum 21 3169 Tizkar 305 5 1792 Emisum 28 3164 Ilku 900 15 1764 Samium 35 3149 Iltasadum 1200 20 1729 Zabaia 9 3129 Enmebaraggesi 900 15 1720 Gungunum 27 3114 Agga 625 11 1693 Abisare 11 1682 Sumuel 29 3103 Meskiaggasher 324 5 1653 Nur-Adad 16 3098 Enmerkar 420 7 1637 Sin-iddinam 7 3091 Lugalbanda 1200 20 1630 Sin-eribam 2 3071 Dumuzi 100 2 1628 Sin-iqisham 5 3069 Gilgamesh 126 2 1623 Sili-Adad 1 3067 Urnungal 30 1622 Warad-Sin 12 3037 Udulkalamma 15 1610 Rim-Sin 60 3022 Labasher 9 1550 Rim-Sin II 2 3013 Ennundaranna 8 3005 Meshede 36 1548 Sumuabum 14 2969 Melamanna 6 1534 Sumulael 36 2963 Lugalkidul 36 1498 Sabium 14 1484 Apil-Sin 18 2927 Mesannepadda 80 1 1466 Sin-muballit 20 2926 Meskiagnunna 36 1446 Hammurabi 43 2890 Elulu 25 1403 Samsuiluna 38 2865 Balulu 36 1365 Abi-eshu 28 1337 Ammiditana 37 2829 Three Kings 356 6 1300 Ammisaduqa 21 1279 Samsuditana 31 2823 Su... 201 3 2820 Dadasig 20 1248 Ilumael 60 2800 Mamagal 420 7 1188 Itti-ili-nibi 50 2793 Kalbum 132 2 1138 Damiq-ilisu 26 2791 Tuge 360 6 1112 Ishkibal 15 2785 Mennumna 180 3 1097 Shushshi 24 2782 Lugalmu 420 7 1073 Gulkishar 55 2775 Ibbi-Ea 290? 5 1018 Peshgaldaramas 50 968 Adara-kalamma 28 2770 Hadanish 360 6 940 Akurulanna 26 914 Melamkurkurra 7 2764 Enpirigdu 60 1 907 Ea-gamil 9 2763 Lugalure 120 2 2761 Argandea 7 898 Mursilis Hantilis 2754 Four Kings 116 2 868 Zidantas 858 Ammunas 2752 Lugalannemundu 90 2 838 Huzziyas 833 Telepinus 2750 Ilshu 30 Alluwamnas 2720 - 17 816 Suppiluliumas 40 2703 - 30 776 Arnuwandas 2673 - 20 756 Tudhalis 2653 - 30 736 Hattusilis II 2623 - 9 715 Tudhalis II 687 Arnuwandas II 2614 Ku-Bau 100 2 655 Suppiluliumas II 629 Arnuwandas III 1 2612 Unzi 30 628 Mursilis II 29 2582 Undalulu 12 599 Muwatallis 6 2570 Ur-ur 6 593 Urhi-Tesup 1 2564 Puzur-Nirah 20 592 Hattusilis III 24 2544 Ishu-Il 24 568 Tudhalis III 2 2520 Shu-Sin 7 566 Arnuwandas IV 4 562 Suppiluliumas III 7 2513 Puzur-Sin 25 2488 Ur-Zababa 400 7 555 Cyrus II 9 2481 Simudarra 30 546 Cambyses II 8 2451 Usiwatar 7 538 Darius 36 2444 Ishtar-muti 11 502 Xerxes 28 2433 Ishme-Shamash 11 474 Artaxerxes 41 2422 Nannia 7 433 Xerxes II Darius II 19 2415 Lugalzaggesi 25 414 Artaxerxes II 55 359 Artaxerxes III 21 2390 Sargon 56 338 Arses 2 2334 Rimush 9 336 Darius III 6 2325 Manishtushu 15 2310 Naram-Sin 56 330 Alexander III 6 2254 Sharkalisharri 25 324 Philip III 7 2229 Igigi 317 Alexander IV 11 Nanum Imi 3 306 Seleucus 30 Elulu 276 Antiochus 22 2226 Dudu 21 254 Antiochus II 15 2205 Shudurul 15 239 Seleucus II 21 218 Seleucus III 3 2190 Urnigin 7 215 Antiochus III 36 2183 Urgigir 6 179 Seleucus IV 12 2177 Kudda 6 167 Antiochus IV 11 2171 Puzur-ili 5 156 Antiochus V 2 2166 Ur-Utu 6 154 Demetrius 12 142 Alexander Balas 5 2160 Utuhegal 8 137 Demetrius II 20 Antiochus VI 2152 Ur-Nammu 18 Antiochus VII 2134 Shulgi 48 Cleopatra Thea 2086 Amar-Sin 9 117 Antiochus VIII 29 2077 Shu-Sun 9 Seleucus V 2068 Ibbi-Sin 24 88 Antiochus IX 11 Seleucus VI Gutium Demetrius III 2255 nameless king 9 Antiochus X 2246 Imta 3 Antiochus XI 2243 Inkishush 6 Philip I 2237 Sarlagab 6 Antiochus XII 2231 Shulme 6 77 Antiochus XIII 5 2225 Elulumesh 6 72 Philip II 1 2219 Inimbakesh 5 71 Antiochus the Leper 15th 2214 Igeshaush 6 57 Rome 2208 Iarlagab 15 2193 Ibate 3 2190 - 3 2187 Kurum 1 2186 - 3 2183 - 2 2181 Irarum 2 2179 Ibranum 1 2178 Hablum 2 2176 Puzur-Sin 7 2169 Iarlaganda 7 2162 - 7 2155 - 40 days Gutium begins 2255 BCE Gutium end 2155 BCE Ur III end 2044 BCE Hammurabi 7th 1440 BCE Ammisaduga end 1279 BCE Ea-gamil end 898 BCE Suppiluliumas end 776 BCE Alexander III end 324 BCE